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微小病变型肾综的治疗其实非常简单和成熟.
但是,论坛最近突然冒出几个读者,里面竟然包括好几名孩子,讲述的治疗过程和方法令笔者大感意外。本网站的宗旨是反对把一切不成熟的方法应用于患者,放着成熟的方法不用,却去试试这个,试试那个,绕来绕去兜圈子。笔者痛感这些拿人做试验的方法,特翻译下面的文章,告诉患者和家长,什么才是治疗微小病变型肾综的最好方法。
加拿大多伦多大学的肾病学者Joanne M Bargman 在1999年《Kidney int 》发表了一篇综述,题目是“Management of minimal lesion glomerulonephritis: evidence-based recommendations.”(微小病变型肾综的治疗:循征医学的推荐)
"The treatment of idiopathic minimal lesion disease in children has been extensively studied in randomized controlled trials, however, there is less information available for adults. This article summarizes evidence-based recommendations for management. The first attack should be treated with prednisone or prednisolone at 60 mg/m2 per day (up to a maximum of 80 mg/day) for four to six weeks, followed by 40 mg/m2 of prednisone every other day for another four to six weeks (grade A). Relapse should be treated with 60 mg/m2/day of prednisone (up to 80 mg/day) only until the urine becomes protein free for three days, and then an alternate day regimen of 40 mg/m2 should be used for another month (grade A). Patients with frequently relapsing disease will have a significant reduction in relapse frequency after eight weeks of an alkylating agent (grade A). Less rigorous studies have suggested benefit with long-term, alternate-day corticosteroid (grade D) or the antihelminthic agent levamisole (grade D). For patients with steroid-dependent disease, an 8- or 12-week course with cyclophosphamide can induce remission (grade D). In true steroid-resistant disease, observational studies have suggested that a course of cyclosporine may sometimes induce remission or restore steroid responsiveness (grade D). Large retrospective studies in adults suggest that therapeutic response is slower than in children, but adults experience fewer relapses and more prolonged remission."
(除了成人以外,儿童微小病变型肾综的治疗已经做了许多随机对照研究。本文总结了循征医学推荐的治疗方法。
1, 第一次发病应该用60mg/m2(最大80mg/天强的松和强的松龙),时间4-6周。接着是隔天40mg/m2,时间4-6周(A级推荐)。
2,复发的患者应该每天60mg/m2强的松(最大80mg/m2)直到蛋白尿连续3天转阴,然后改为隔天40mg/m2,时间4周(A级推荐)。
3,常复发的患者经过8周环磷酰胺和氮芥治疗,复发的频率明显下降(A级推荐)。不太严格的研究表明长期的隔日激素疗法或者左旋咪唑有好处(D级推荐)。
4,激素依赖的患者,8-12周环磷酰胺可以使之缓解(D级推荐)。
5,激素抵抗的患者,观察性研究发现环孢素有时候可以使之缓解,或者重新启动对激素的敏感性(D级推荐)。
6,大规模的回顾性研究发现,成人的治疗反应比儿童慢,但是成人复发的可能性也少,维持缓解的时间更长。)
上面的英文是文章的摘要,翻译过来就是6句话,笔者形容为微小病变型肾综的六条铁律,因为85%以上的儿童肾综都是微小病变型,所以,这六条铁律同样适合于没有肾穿的儿童肾综。
这六条铁律,是从上世纪50年代,激素治疗肾综后,全人类在千千万万个患者身上得出的经验教训,是人类的肾病医学文明。所以,任何违背这六条铁律的做法,仿佛是把患者重新拖回到60-70年代,还在黑暗的隧道中摸索的阶段,说的再严重点,是不文明的表现。
下一篇文章,笔者就把本文的内容展开,看看作者是如何总结出这六条铁律的。 |